Timeline of The Music Video;
- 1941 - : A brand new product hit everywhere in America, A jukebox, the Soundie, that plays short video clips along with the music, the beginnings of the music video.
- 1960 - : A French version of the 'Soundie' is released, which does not have much success.
- 1962 - : British Televisions new invention, a new form of a music television show for example, Top Of The Pops, Ready! Steady! Go! and Oh, Boy start as bands become huge successes.
- 1964/1965 - : Such bands as Bob Dylan, Subterranean Homesick Blues and The Beatles, A Hard Day's Night'. start appearing on shows such as 'Hullabaloo' shortly followed by 'Shindig'.
- 1966 - : The very first promos are shown, The Beatles 'Paperback Writer' and 'Rain'.
- 1967 - : The Beatles first successful promo's for 'Penny Lane' and 'Strawberry Fields Forever' are released.
- 1968 - : The Rolling Stones collaborate with Jean-Luc Godard on Sympathy for the Devil
- 1970 - : The record industry discovers that these TV shows are a great opportunity to promote artists. The industry focus' on selling short music videos which started to replace the live performance of the artist on TV.
- 1974 - : ABBA show for the first time the use of 'Promos' with their clips, directed by Lasse Hallström. These contain innovative effects, camera angles, and a less static look than is the norm at the time. The band continue using such videos throughout the 1970s.
- 1975 - : 'Bohemian Rhapsody', an historic video released by Queen, marks the beginning of the video era and sets the level for the modern music video. The video is considered one of the first to use advanced video effects.
- 1979 - : 'Devo' releases 'The Day My Baby Gave Me a Surprise', which was the first music video to include computer animation, as well as the traditional animation.
- 1980 - : 'Ashes to Ashes' by David Bowie, is released and is considered 'groundbreaking'.
- 1981 - : MTV was the first 24 hour 7 days a week, satellite music channel, launched in August 1981. Initially, a very select few TV operators carried it, but it rapidly became a major hit and cultural icon.
- 1981 - : Michael Nesmith's ' Elephant Parts' wins the first ever music video Grammy.
- 1982 - : Pink Floyd's 'The Wall' is released in theatres.
- 1983 - : 'Friday Night Videos' debuts on the NBC television network in the USA, allowing nearly all of the USA's households to view music videos regularly. Michael Jackson's 'Billie Jean' video is released on the TV, and for the first time a black artist's video is featured on MTV with the video for his 'Beat It' hit single.
- 1984 - : Prince released the movie 'Purple Rain', and its soundtrack was nominated for an Oscar. The soundtrack album sold over 15 million copies, the first one of its kind.
- 1984 - : Michael Jackson's short film 'Thriller' was released, changing the concept of music videos forever.
Also in 1984,
- MTV presents its first Video Music Awards, hosted by Dan Aykroyd and Bette Midler.
- The Grammys award Best Short Form Music Video, as well as Best Long Form Music Video.
- 1985 - : 'a ha' acquire instant fame with their hit song 'Take On Me', significantly due to their song and video being played a lot, which featured a combination of live action and rotoscoping animation. The groundbreaking video wins several awards and is consistently rated as one of the best since.
- 1985 - : Madonna's video for her hit single 'Material Girl' was released. It is largely based on Marilyn Monroe's performance of 'Diamonds Are a Girl's Best Friend' in the film Gentlemen Prefer Blondes. Interest explodes for the video, The video is considered one of the most memorable and always appears in 'The Best Videos'.
- 1986 - : 'Sledgehammer', from Peter Gabriel, furthers the idea of animation in music video.
- 1989 - : MTV renames its 'Video Vanguard Award' the 'Michael Jackson Vanguard Award' in honor of the pop star's contributions to the art of music video.
- 1989 - : Madonna's controversial video for 'Like a Prayer' was released.
- 1990 - : MTV bans Madonna's 'Justify My Love' video. It was then released as a video single, the first of its kind.
- 1990 - : The first 3D music video is produced: 'Love Can Build A Bridge' starring country music superstars The Judds.
- 1991 - : Nirvana release the 'Smells Like Teen Spirit' video, capturing Kurt Cobain and the grunge genre into the American and Worldwide mainstream.
- 1992 - : MTV begins to credit music video directors.
- 1995 - : Release of the most expensive music video ever 'Scream', from Michael Jackson's History album, a duet with his sister Janet.
- 1995 - : TLC's video for their hit song 'Waterfalls' becomes a groundbreaking video for Girl groups and achieved massive success on MTV.
- 1996 - : Pop-up Video is first aired on VH1.
- 1996 - : Smashing Pumpkins releases the video for their song 'Tonight, Tonight', based upon Georges Méliès's A Trip to the Moon. This video was one of the first to be based upon an early film.
- 1996 - : M2 is launched as a 24 hour music video channel, as MTV has largely replaced videos with other content.
- 1999 - : M2 is renamed to MTV2.
- 1999 - : Making the Video, a series chronicling the production of a music video, premieres on MTV.
- 2001 - : Björk releases the video for 'Pagan Poetry' which was controversial for its depictions of sexual acts and body piercings.
- 2002 - : MTV Hits is launched, as MTV2 is gradually showing fewer music videos (now virtually non-existent on MTV).
- 2007 - : Musicbox is launched by Sony BMG. This online portal signifies the first free streaming effort owned and operated by a major label.
- 2008 - : 3D videos are made by Dave Meyers and Missy Elliott for her single Ching-a-Ling and Björk also makes one for Wanderlust.
Saturday, 26 September 2009
Tuesday, 22 September 2009
Task 2 (Research - Genre Comparative Study)
Comparison of;
Katy Perry - I Kissed A Girl
Lady GaGa - Love Game
These videos are very similar but also every unique to themselves. They are both from the pop genre, and have very traditional conventions of this genre which are very apparent in their videos. However, they both have very unique styles which may only be apparent to a more mature audience, meaning that as these songs will most likely be aimed at a younger female audiences, they can enjoy the song and music, whereas mature members of its audience will understand the unique and sexual subliminal styles to these songs.
Both songs have these generic conventions, fast beat tune, female colours for example pink, yellow and purple, attractive women and you could imagine them being played at school discos. However, especially in the Lady GaGa video, her style is very voyeuristic, as you can see from the video I have embedded, Lady GaGa only wears very tiny costumes, for example a white swimsuit with a white jacket, with her legs on show. This will entice a male audience perhaps, but as the majority of the male audience will enjoy this voyeuristic trate, it helps sell Lady GaGa as an attractive, feisty pop sensation. This trate is also apparent on the video by Katy Perry, as she is in a pink, fluffy and fun room, which to younger naive audience would appear happy and 'girly', whereas to a more mature and wiser audience it could represent a room perhaps used by the sex industry.
Also, starting at 2 minutes 27 seconds when Lady GaGa pushes a 'police officer' into a cabin, certain sexual positions and sexual references, such as passionate kisses are clearly visable, again adding plenty of voyeurism. However, in the video by Katy Perry, it manily focuses on her, seductively rolling around in various positions across a bed, with silk sheets, so because of this showing a similar theme as Love Game by Lady GaGa.
There are not many intertextual references in these videos. There are a few in the Lady GaGa video, such as, at 0.48 seconds into the video when Lady GaGa is dancing down the stairs, it struck me that the scene almost replicated a scene from 'Lock, Stock and Two Smoking Barrels'.
The selling of the artists are very similar in these two videos, Katy Perry and Lady GaGa are both portrayed as being attractive, seductive and feisty young women. However, Katy Perry is 'sold' as an artist in a much more subtle and subdued way, for example she is costumed in pale, blended and feminine clothes whereas Lady GaGa is wearing very striking costumes, often with bare legs, and cleavage on show. So perhaps a video more focused on selling her to an older audience or both men and women, as the songs will appeal to mostly women where as the outfits and costumes perhaps are made to entice males.
Visuals and Lyrics, there are not so much direct links between lyrics and visuals in either video. But there are links between music and lyrics, as in both videos, at the beginning when the music is at its least fast paced tempo, the cuts/scenes/dancing is also at a slower pace, however as the tempo of the music increases so do the cuts/scenes/dancing etc. Finally leading up to the climax of the song which often in these videos means the climax of the story or dancing within the video.
Overall, these videos are similar but also very different, unique in their own ways. The way the artists are portrayed, the themes and costumes used are quite similar and the way the two female artists are represented also mirror each other. However, the audiences that these videos are aimed at quite vary from Katy Perry's is more of a 'classic' style of pop song, even with subliminal messaging however, Lady GaGa is a lot more overtly sexual in her lyrics and actions throughout her video.
Katy Perry - I Kissed A Girl
Lady GaGa - Love Game
These videos are very similar but also every unique to themselves. They are both from the pop genre, and have very traditional conventions of this genre which are very apparent in their videos. However, they both have very unique styles which may only be apparent to a more mature audience, meaning that as these songs will most likely be aimed at a younger female audiences, they can enjoy the song and music, whereas mature members of its audience will understand the unique and sexual subliminal styles to these songs.
Both songs have these generic conventions, fast beat tune, female colours for example pink, yellow and purple, attractive women and you could imagine them being played at school discos. However, especially in the Lady GaGa video, her style is very voyeuristic, as you can see from the video I have embedded, Lady GaGa only wears very tiny costumes, for example a white swimsuit with a white jacket, with her legs on show. This will entice a male audience perhaps, but as the majority of the male audience will enjoy this voyeuristic trate, it helps sell Lady GaGa as an attractive, feisty pop sensation. This trate is also apparent on the video by Katy Perry, as she is in a pink, fluffy and fun room, which to younger naive audience would appear happy and 'girly', whereas to a more mature and wiser audience it could represent a room perhaps used by the sex industry.
Also, starting at 2 minutes 27 seconds when Lady GaGa pushes a 'police officer' into a cabin, certain sexual positions and sexual references, such as passionate kisses are clearly visable, again adding plenty of voyeurism. However, in the video by Katy Perry, it manily focuses on her, seductively rolling around in various positions across a bed, with silk sheets, so because of this showing a similar theme as Love Game by Lady GaGa.
There are not many intertextual references in these videos. There are a few in the Lady GaGa video, such as, at 0.48 seconds into the video when Lady GaGa is dancing down the stairs, it struck me that the scene almost replicated a scene from 'Lock, Stock and Two Smoking Barrels'.
The selling of the artists are very similar in these two videos, Katy Perry and Lady GaGa are both portrayed as being attractive, seductive and feisty young women. However, Katy Perry is 'sold' as an artist in a much more subtle and subdued way, for example she is costumed in pale, blended and feminine clothes whereas Lady GaGa is wearing very striking costumes, often with bare legs, and cleavage on show. So perhaps a video more focused on selling her to an older audience or both men and women, as the songs will appeal to mostly women where as the outfits and costumes perhaps are made to entice males.
Visuals and Lyrics, there are not so much direct links between lyrics and visuals in either video. But there are links between music and lyrics, as in both videos, at the beginning when the music is at its least fast paced tempo, the cuts/scenes/dancing is also at a slower pace, however as the tempo of the music increases so do the cuts/scenes/dancing etc. Finally leading up to the climax of the song which often in these videos means the climax of the story or dancing within the video.
Overall, these videos are similar but also very different, unique in their own ways. The way the artists are portrayed, the themes and costumes used are quite similar and the way the two female artists are represented also mirror each other. However, the audiences that these videos are aimed at quite vary from Katy Perry's is more of a 'classic' style of pop song, even with subliminal messaging however, Lady GaGa is a lot more overtly sexual in her lyrics and actions throughout her video.
Thursday, 17 September 2009
Task 1 (Research - Initial Six Stage Analysis)
1 - Conventions expected;
As 'Candy' by Paolo Nutini is laid back song you'd expect the video to emphasise the atmosphere and emotions within the song. As the video is set at a wedding, where everyone is happy and dancing, and also a 'making love scene' the atmosphere of a 'happy' environment is highly emphasised and the dancing and relaxed atmosphere would be expected.
2- Links between visuals and lyrics;
At the beginning of the song when the lyrics are quite soft and subtle the ivsuals are the same, setting the scene and 'selling the artist'. The video itself isn't really telling the story of the lyrics but showing the emotions portrayed in the lyrics. There is far more links between the music and visuals in this particular video, as will be discussed in the next paragraph.
3 - Links between music and visuals;
At the beginning of the video the music is soft and is just a mellow tune in the background to accompany the song. The visuals emphasise the laid back attitude as they focus on setting the scene and showing off Paolo Nutini himself. Whereas, as the song progresses and the music becomes more prominent and powerful, the video also becomes more intense, with faster cut and more action per scene. Finally, as the music reaches its climax so does the video, with the wedding night between the groom and his wife also reaching a climax.
4 - Intertexuality;
There is not much intertextuality, however the culture is very pronounced, so perhaps this could be used as an example for intertextulity also the idea of s wedding amoung the country in a hot mediterranean country is also used in the film 'The Godfather' which was filmed in Sicily.
5 - Selling the artist;
The artist Paolo Nutini is already well known, however, only to a specific audience, so perhaps this video could entice a more varied audience. The video shows Paolo Nutini as being a laid back, mellow artist, with a lot of emotions and feelings. His songs tend to be happy and loving, and perhaps this is to put him across as happy and loving to entice a nice and friendly audience.
6 - Voyeurism;
At the beginning of the video there is not a lot of voyeuristic scenes. Only a few females dancing, but fully clothed at a wedding party. However, as the video progresses the video turns to the 'wedding night' where there is a detailed sex scene. Showing off the female body and the intense love shown between a married couple. However, this video is not intended to be particularly voyeuristic. So voyeurism is not essential in this type of genre of music.
As 'Candy' by Paolo Nutini is laid back song you'd expect the video to emphasise the atmosphere and emotions within the song. As the video is set at a wedding, where everyone is happy and dancing, and also a 'making love scene' the atmosphere of a 'happy' environment is highly emphasised and the dancing and relaxed atmosphere would be expected.
2- Links between visuals and lyrics;
At the beginning of the song when the lyrics are quite soft and subtle the ivsuals are the same, setting the scene and 'selling the artist'. The video itself isn't really telling the story of the lyrics but showing the emotions portrayed in the lyrics. There is far more links between the music and visuals in this particular video, as will be discussed in the next paragraph.
3 - Links between music and visuals;
At the beginning of the video the music is soft and is just a mellow tune in the background to accompany the song. The visuals emphasise the laid back attitude as they focus on setting the scene and showing off Paolo Nutini himself. Whereas, as the song progresses and the music becomes more prominent and powerful, the video also becomes more intense, with faster cut and more action per scene. Finally, as the music reaches its climax so does the video, with the wedding night between the groom and his wife also reaching a climax.
4 - Intertexuality;
There is not much intertextuality, however the culture is very pronounced, so perhaps this could be used as an example for intertextulity also the idea of s wedding amoung the country in a hot mediterranean country is also used in the film 'The Godfather' which was filmed in Sicily.
5 - Selling the artist;
The artist Paolo Nutini is already well known, however, only to a specific audience, so perhaps this video could entice a more varied audience. The video shows Paolo Nutini as being a laid back, mellow artist, with a lot of emotions and feelings. His songs tend to be happy and loving, and perhaps this is to put him across as happy and loving to entice a nice and friendly audience.
6 - Voyeurism;
At the beginning of the video there is not a lot of voyeuristic scenes. Only a few females dancing, but fully clothed at a wedding party. However, as the video progresses the video turns to the 'wedding night' where there is a detailed sex scene. Showing off the female body and the intense love shown between a married couple. However, this video is not intended to be particularly voyeuristic. So voyeurism is not essential in this type of genre of music.
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