Task 3 (Research - The Growth of Music Videos)

Timeline of The Music Video;

- 1941 - : A brand new product hit everywhere in America, A jukebox, the Soundie, that plays short video clips along with the music, the beginnings of the music video.

- 1960 - : A French version of the 'Soundie' is released, which does not have much success.

- 1962 - : British Televisions new invention, a new form of a music television show for example, Top Of The Pops, Ready! Steady! Go! and Oh, Boy start as bands become huge successes.

- 1964/1965 - : Such bands as Bob Dylan, Subterranean Homesick Blues and The Beatles, A Hard Day's Night'. start appearing on shows such as 'Hullabaloo' shortly followed by 'Shindig'.

- 1966 - : The very first promos are shown, The Beatles 'Paperback Writer' and 'Rain'.

- 1967 - : The Beatles first successful promo's for 'Penny Lane' and 'Strawberry Fields Forever' are released.

- 1968 - : The Rolling Stones collaborate with Jean-Luc Godard on Sympathy for the Devil

- 1970 - : The record industry discovers that these TV shows are a great opportunity to promote artists. The industry focus' on selling short music videos which started to replace the live performance of the artist on TV.

- 1974 - : ABBA show for the first time the use of 'Promos' with their clips, directed by Lasse Hallström. These contain innovative effects, camera angles, and a less static look than is the norm at the time. The band continue using such videos throughout the 1970s.

- 1975 - : 'Bohemian Rhapsody', an historic video released by Queen, marks the beginning of the video era and sets the level for the modern music video. The video is considered one of the first to use advanced video effects.

- 1979 - : 'Devo' releases 'The Day My Baby Gave Me a Surprise', which was the first music video to include computer animation, as well as the traditional animation.

- 1980 - : 'Ashes to Ashes' by David Bowie, is released and is considered 'groundbreaking'.

- 1981 - : MTV was the first 24 hour 7 days a week, satellite music channel, launched in August 1981. Initially, a very select few TV operators carried it, but it rapidly became a major hit and cultural icon.

- 1981 - : Michael Nesmith's ' Elephant Parts' wins the first ever music video Grammy.

- 1982 - : Pink Floyd's 'The Wall' is released in theatres.

- 1983 - : 'Friday Night Videos' debuts on the NBC television network in the USA, allowing nearly all of the USA's households to view music videos regularly. Michael Jackson's 'Billie Jean' video is released on the TV, and for the first time a black artist's video is featured on MTV with the video for his 'Beat It' hit single.

- 1984 - : Prince released the movie 'Purple Rain', and its soundtrack was nominated for an Oscar. The soundtrack album sold over 15 million copies, the first one of its kind.

- 1984 - : Michael Jackson's short film 'Thriller' was released, changing the concept of music videos forever.

Also in 1984,

- MTV presents its first Video Music Awards, hosted by Dan Aykroyd and Bette Midler.
- The Grammys award Best Short Form Music Video, as well as Best Long Form Music Video.

- 1985 - : 'a ha' acquire instant fame with their hit song 'Take On Me', significantly due to their song and video being played a lot, which featured a combination of live action and rotoscoping animation. The groundbreaking video wins several awards and is consistently rated as one of the best since.

- 1985 - : Madonna's video for her hit single 'Material Girl' was released. It is largely based on Marilyn Monroe's performance of 'Diamonds Are a Girl's Best Friend' in the film Gentlemen Prefer Blondes. Interest explodes for the video, The video is considered one of the most memorable and always appears in 'The Best Videos'.

- 1986 - : 'Sledgehammer', from Peter Gabriel, furthers the idea of animation in music video.

- 1989 - : MTV renames its 'Video Vanguard Award' the 'Michael Jackson Vanguard Award' in honor of the pop star's contributions to the art of music video.

- 1989 - : Madonna's controversial video for 'Like a Prayer' was released.

- 1990 - : MTV bans Madonna's 'Justify My Love' video. It was then released as a video single, the first of its kind.

- 1990 - : The first 3D music video is produced: 'Love Can Build A Bridge' starring country music superstars The Judds.

- 1991 - : Nirvana release the 'Smells Like Teen Spirit' video, capturing Kurt Cobain and the grunge genre into the American and Worldwide mainstream.

- 1992 - : MTV begins to credit music video directors.

- 1995 - : Release of the most expensive music video ever 'Scream', from Michael Jackson's History album, a duet with his sister Janet.

- 1995 - : TLC's video for their hit song 'Waterfalls' becomes a groundbreaking video for Girl groups and achieved massive success on MTV.

- 1996 - : Pop-up Video is first aired on VH1.

- 1996 - : Smashing Pumpkins releases the video for their song 'Tonight, Tonight', based upon Georges Méliès's A Trip to the Moon. This video was one of the first to be based upon an early film.

- 1996 - : M2 is launched as a 24 hour music video channel, as MTV has largely replaced videos with other content.

- 1999 - : M2 is renamed to MTV2.

- 1999 - : Making the Video, a series chronicling the production of a music video, premieres on MTV.

- 2001 - : Björk releases the video for 'Pagan Poetry' which was controversial for its depictions of sexual acts and body piercings.

- 2002 - : MTV Hits is launched, as MTV2 is gradually showing fewer music videos (now virtually non-existent on MTV).

- 2007 - : Musicbox is launched by Sony BMG. This online portal signifies the first free streaming effort owned and operated by a major label.

- 2008 - : 3D videos are made by Dave Meyers and Missy Elliott for her single Ching-a-Ling and Björk also makes one for Wanderlust.